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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(12): 1146-1151, Dec. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527911

ABSTRACT

Abstract Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) include a series of neoplasms that commonly occur in children, adolescents, or young adults, have an astrocytic or glioneuronal lineage, are histologically benign (WHO grade1) with a neocortical localization predominantly situated in the temporal lobes. Clinically, chronic refractory epilepsy is usually the unique symptom. Gangliogliomas (GG) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNT) are the most common representative entities besides pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) and angiocentric gliomas (AG). Recent molecular studies have defined new clinicopathological entities, which are recognized by the WHO 2021 classification of brain tumors. Some of them such as diffuse astrocytoma MIB or MYBL1 altered, polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY), and multilocular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) are currently considered LEATs. The relationship between LEATs and epilepsy is still a matter of debate, and there is a general agreement about the beneficial effects of an early neurosurgical intervention on the clinical outcome.


Resumo Tumores associados a epilepsia de longa duração constituem uma série de neoplasias asatrocitárias ou glioneuronais que comumente incidem em crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos e que são histologicamente benignos (OMS grau 1), de localização neocortical e predominantemente situados nos lobos temporais. Clinicamente, a epilepsia crônica refratária é, de modo geral, o único sintoma. Gangliogliomas (GG) e tumores neuroepiteliais disembrioplásticos (DNT) são as entidades mais representativas associadas a astrocitomas pilocíticos (AP) e gliomas angiocêntricos (GA). Estudos moleculares recentes permitiram a definição de novas entidades clínico-patológicas reconhecidas pela classificação de tumores cerebrais da OMS 2021. Algumas delas, como o astrocitoma difuso MIB ou MIBL1 alterados, o tumor neuroepitelial polimorfo do jovem (PLNTY) e o tumor neuronal multilocular e vacuolizado (MVNT) são atualmente considerados tumores associados a epilepsia de longa duração. A relação entre este grupo de tumores e epilepsia é ainda debatida e há um consenso geral sobre o benefício prognóstico de intervenção cirúrgica precoce.

2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 66(1): 104-111, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364312

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY We present the unique case of an adult Brazilian woman with severe short stature due to growth hormone deficiency with a heterozygous G to T substitution in the donor splice site of intron 3 of the growth hormone 1 (GH1) gene (c.291+1G>T). In this autosomal dominant form of growth hormone deficiency (type II), exon 3 skipping results in expression of the 17.5 kDa isoform of growth hormone, which has a dominant negative effect over the bioactive isoform, is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, disrupts the Golgi apparatus, and impairs the secretion of other pituitary hormones in addition to growth hormone deficiency. This mechanism led to the progression of central hypothyroidism in the same patient. After 5 years of growth and thyroid hormone replacement, at the age of 33, laboratory evaluation for increased weight gain revealed high serum and urine cortisol concentrations, which could not be suppressed with dexamethasone. Magnetic resonance imaging of the sella turcica detected a pituitary macroadenoma, which was surgically removed. Histological examination confirmed an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. A ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) somatic pathogenic variant (c.2159C>G/p.Pro720Arg) was found in the tumor. In conclusion, we report progression of isolated growth hormone deficiency due to a germline GH1 variant to combined pituitary hormone deficiency followed by hypercortisolism due to an ACTH-secreting macroadenoma with a somatic variant in USP8 in the same patient. Genetic studies allowed etiologic diagnosis and prognosis of this unique case.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Human Growth Hormone , Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion , Dwarfism, Pituitary/genetics , Endopeptidases/genetics , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics , Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/genetics , Germ Cells , Mutation
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(1): 10-18, Jan. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-983875

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Aims: To investigate hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in a pediatric Brazilian sample. Methods: Epidemiological, clinical, radiological and laboratory data were analyzed in 35 patients. Results: Simple HSP (HSP-S) was detected in 12 patients, and complicated HSP (HSP-C) was detected in 23 patients. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 2.9 years in HSP-S and 1.6 years in HSP-C (p = 0.023). The disease was more severe in HSP-C. There were no differences in sex, ethnic background, or family history between groups. Intellectual disability was the most frequent finding associated with HSP-C. Peripheral axonal neuropathy was found in three patients. In the HSP-C group, MRI was abnormal in 13 patients. The MRI abnormalities included nonspecific white matter lesions, cerebellar atrophy, thinning of the corpus callosum and the "ear of the lynx sign". Conclusions: In children with spastic paraplegia, HSP must be considered whenever similar pathologies, mainly diplegic cerebral palsy, are ruled out.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar paraplegia espástica hereditária (PEH) em uma amostra brasileira de pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: Foram colhidos dados clínicos, epidemiológicos, radiológicos e laboratoriais de 35 pacientes. Resultados: Doze pacientes foram classificados como PEH simples (PEH-S), e 23 como PEH complicada (PEH-C). A média de idade de início dos sintomas foi de 2,9 anos na PEH-S e 1,6 anos na PEH-C (p = 0,023). A doença foi mais grave na PEH-C. Não houve diferença de sexo, etnia e histórico familial entre os dois grupos. Deficiência intelectual foi a associação clínica mais frequente na PEH-C. Neuropatia periférica axonal foi encontrada em três pacientes. A RM foi normal em 13 casos de PEH-C. Anormalidades de RM incluiram alterações inespecíficas da substância branca, atrofia de cerebelo, afilamento de corpo caloso e o "sinal da orelha de lince". Conclusões: PEH deve ser considerada em crianças com paraparesia espástica sempre que descartadas condições patológicas similares, principalmente paralisia cerebral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/pathology , Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/epidemiology , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/diagnostic imaging , Sex Distribution , Age of Onset , Age Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric , Corpus Callosum/pathology , Corpus Callosum/diagnostic imaging
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(6): 331-338, June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838915

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker is a genetic prion disease and the most common mutation is p.Pro102Leu. We report clinical, molecular and neuropathological data of seven individuals, belonging to two unrelated Brazilian kindreds, carrying the p.Pro102Leu. Marked differences among patients were observed regarding age at onset, disease duration and clinical presentation. In the first kindred, two patients had rapidly progressive dementia and three exhibited predominantly ataxic phenotypes with variable ages of onset and disease duration. In this family, age at disease onset in the mother and daughter differed by 39 years. In the second kindred, different phenotypes were also reported and earlier ages of onset were associated with 129 heterozygosis. No differences were associated with apoE genotype. In these kindreds, the codon 129 polymorphism could not explain the clinical variability and 129 heterozygosis was associated with earlier disease onset. Neuropathological examination in two patients confirmed the presence of typical plaques and PrPsc immunopositivity.


RESUMO A doença de Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker é uma doença priônica genética, cuja mutação mais frequente é p.Pro102Leu. Descrevem-se dados clínicos, moleculares e neuropatológicos de sete indivíduos em duas famílias não relacionadas com p.Pro102Leu. Diferenças notáveis entre os pacientes em relação à idade de início, duração da doença e apresentação clínica foram encontradas. Na primeira família, dois pacientes apresentaram demência rapidamente progressiva e três apresentaram fenótipo de ataxia com idade variáveis de início e duração da doença. Nesta família, a idade de início entre mãe e filha diferiu em 39 anos. Na segunda família, fenótipos diferentes foram observados e idades precoces de início dos sintomas foram associadas à heterozigose no códon 129. Não houve diferença em relação ao genótipo do gene da apoE. O genótipo do códon 129 não foi responsável pela variabilidade clínica; heterozigose no códon 129 esteve associada ao início precoce da doença. O exame neuropatológico em dois pacientes confirmou presença de placas típicas e imunohistoquímica para PrPsc.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Prions/genetics , DNA , Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease/genetics , Mutation , Pedigree , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Genetic , Brain/pathology , Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease/pathology
6.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(7): 566-570, out. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-690597

ABSTRACT

Intracranial germinomas (GE) are malignant neoplasms most commonly found in the suprasellar region, which may cause anterior and particularly posterior pituitary hormone deficits with central diabetes insipidus (DI). Differential diagnosis of pituitary stalk thickening includes granulomatous, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic lesions. Although careful analysis of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings may facilitate the diagnosis, transsphenoidal biopsy is indicated to confirm the disease, as the correct diagnosis directs the appropriate treatment.


Germinomas intracranianos (GE) são neoplasias malignas comumente na região suprasselar, podendo causar deficiência hormonal da hipófise anterior, em particular da hipófise posterior, com diabetes insípido central (DI). Entre os diagnósticos diferenciais do espessamento de haste hipofisária, incluem-se doenças granulomatosas, inflamatórias, infecciosas e neoplásicas. Embora as avaliações clínica, laboratorial e a ressonância magnética selar sugiram o diagnóstico, a biópsia transesfenoidal está indicada para confirmação, visto que o diagnóstico correto direciona o tratamento.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Germinoma/pathology , Hypopituitarism/pathology , Pituitary Gland/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biopsy , Hypopituitarism/etiology , Pituitary Hormones
7.
Clinics ; 68(2): 167-172, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668802

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We investigated four components of the Wnt signaling pathway in medulloblastomas. Medulloblastoma is the most common type of malignant pediatric brain tumor, and the Wnt signaling pathway has been shown to be activated in this type of tumor. METHODS: Sixty-one medulloblastoma cases were analyzed for β-catenin gene (CTNNB1) mutations, β-catenin protein expression via immunostaining and Wnt signaling pathway-related gene expression. All data were correlated with histological subtypes and patient clinical information. RESULTS: CTNNB1 sequencing analysis revealed that 11 out of 61 medulloblastomas harbored missense mutations in residues 32, 33, 34 and 37, which are located in exon 3. These mutations alter the glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation sites, which participate in β-catenin degradation. No significant differences were observed between mutation status and histological medulloblastoma type, patient age and overall or progression-free survival times. Nuclear β-catenin accumulation, which was observed in 27.9% of the cases, was not associated with the histological type, CTNNB1 mutation status or tumor cell dissemination. The relative expression levels of genes that code for proteins involved in the Wnt signaling pathway (CTNNB1, APC, AXIN1 and WNT1) were also analyzed, but no significant correlations were found. In addition, large-cell variant medulloblastomas presented lower relative CTNNB1 expression as compared to the other tumor variants. CONCLUSIONS: A small subset of medulloblastomas carry CTNNB1 mutations with consequent nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a role in classic, desmoplastic and extensive nodularity medulloblastoma variants but not in large-cell medulloblastomas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/analysis , Axin Protein/analysis , Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology , Medulloblastoma/pathology , beta Catenin/analysis , Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/metabolism , Axin Protein/metabolism , Chi-Square Distribution , Cerebellar Neoplasms/genetics , Cerebellar Neoplasms/metabolism , Disease-Free Survival , Gene Expression , Medulloblastoma/genetics , Medulloblastoma/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Statistics, Nonparametric , Wnt Signaling Pathway , beta Catenin/metabolism
8.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 6(4): 286-289, oct.-dec. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670620

ABSTRACT

The parieto-occipital region of the brain is the most frequently and severely affected in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The basal ganglia, cerebellum and corpus callosum are less commonly involved. We describe apatient with SSPE confirmed by neuropathology based on brain magnetic resonance imaging showing extensive basal ganglia involvement and no significant involvement of other cortical structures. Though rarely described in SSPE, clinicians should be aware of this involvement. SSPE should be kept in mind when changes in basal ganglia signal are seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging with or without involvement of other regions of the human brain to avoid erroneous etiological diagnosis of other pathologies causing rapidly progressive dementia.


A região parietooccipital é mais frequente e gravemente acometida na panencefalite esclerosante subaguda(PEESA). Os gânglios da base, cerebelo e corpo caloso são menos envolvidos. Descrevemos um paciente com PEESA confirmada por neuropatologia com imagens de ressonância magnética (RNM) evidenciando acometimento extenso dosgânglios da base sem envolvimento de outras estruturas corticais. Embora raramente descritas nesta doença, deve-se ficar atento para tal acometimento e PEESA deve ser lembrada quando alterações de sinal nos gânglios da base são vistas naRNM com ou sem acometimento de outras regiões do cérebro a fim de evitar outros diagnósticos etiológicos errôneos de patologias que cursam com demência rapidamente progressiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Measles
9.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(2)apr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644890

ABSTRACT

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma, an entity described as a histological variant of pilocytic astrocytoma, is a rare primary tumor of the central nervous system. It is usually located in the hypothalamic-chiasmatic area, affecting children with a mean age of 10 months. It has a high rate of recurrence and cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, which may be present throughout the neuroaxis. Due to its topography, it may present developmental delay in childhood and diencephalic syndrome, characterized by extreme weight loss, lack of fat accumulation, hyperactivity, euphoria and alertness. Magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in its diagnosis, staging and follow-up of pilomyxoid astrocytoma. However, for a definitive diagnosis, anatomopathology is particularly important to differentiate it from pilocytic astrocytoma. Some cases, as in this present one, have simultaneous histological features of pilocytic and pilomyxoid astrocytomas, constituting a group called intermediate pilomyxoid astrocytoma. Surgery is the best treatment option and it usually requires adjuvant therapy.


O astrocitoma pilomixoide, entidade descrita como variante histológica do astrocitoma pilocítico, é um raro tumor primário do sistema nervoso central. Geralmente, localiza-se em topografia hipotálamoquiasmática, acomentendo crianças com idade média de 10 meses. Apresenta alta taxa de recorrência e disseminação liquórica, podendo se apresentar ao longo de todo o neuroeixo. Dada sua topografia, pode se apresentar com atraso do desenvolvimento na infância e síndrome diencefálica, caracterizada por emagrecimento extremo, ausência de acúmulo de tecido adiposo, hiperatividade motora, euforia e estado de alerta. A ressonância magnética possui um papel importante para o diagnóstico, estadiamento e seguimento do astrocitoma pilomixoide. No entanto, para o diagnóstico definitivo, o estudo anatomopatológico é fundamental, principalmente na diferenciação com o astrocitoma pilocítico. Além disso, em alguns casos, como o aqui apresentado, evidencia-se a apresentação simultânea de características histológicas do astrocitoma pilomixoide e pilocítico, constituindo um grupo denominado astrocitoma pilomixoide intermediário. A cirurgia é a melhor opção de tratamento e geralmente há necessidade de tratamento adjuvante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Astrocytoma/pathology , Diencephalon , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11.
Clinics ; 66(10): 1747-1755, 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-601909

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: 1) To correlate the methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter to its gene and protein expression levels in glioblastoma and 2) to determine the most reliable method for using MGMT to predict the response to adjuvant therapy in patients with glioblastoma. BACKGROUND: The MGMT gene is epigenetically silenced by promoter hypermethylation in gliomas, and this modification has emerged as a relevant predictor of therapeutic response. METHODS: Fifty-one cases of glioblastoma were analyzed for MGMT promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing, gene expression by real time polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: MGMT promoter methylation was found in 43.1 percent of glioblastoma by methylation-specific PCR and 38.8 percent by pyrosequencing. A low level of MGMT gene expression was correlated with positive MGMT promoter methylation (p = 0.001). However, no correlation was found between promoter methylation and MGMT protein expression (p = 0.297). The mean survival time of glioblastoma patients submitted to adjuvant therapy was significantly higher among patients with MGMT promoter methylation (log rank = 0.025 by methylation-specific PCR and 0.004 by pyrosequencing), and methylation was an independent predictive factor that was associated with improved prognosis by multivariate analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: MGMT promoter methylation status was a more reliable predictor of susceptibility to adjuvant therapy and prognosis of glioblastoma than were MGMT protein or gene expression levels. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing methods were both sensitive methods for determining MGMT promoter methylation status using DNA extracted from frozen tissue.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , DNA Modification Methylases/genetics , DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics , Glioblastoma/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , DNA Methylation , DNA Modification Methylases/metabolism , DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism , Gene Expression , Glioblastoma/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
12.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 4(2)jun. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-549807

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of normal cognition or dementia in the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Aging Brain Study Group (BBBABSG) has relied on postmortem interview with an informant. Objectives: To ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of postmortem diagnosis based on informant interview compared against the diagnosis established at a memory clinic. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the BBBABSG and at the Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders (RCCD), a specialized memory clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School. Control subjects and cognitively impaired subjects were referred from the Hospital das Clínicas to the RCCD where subjects and their informants were assessed. The same informant was then interviewed at the BBBABSG. Specialists' panel consensus, in each group, determined the final diagnosis of the case, blind to other center's diagnosis. Data was compared for frequency of diagnostic equivalence. For this study, the diagnosis established at the RCCD was accepted as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were computed. Results: Ninety individuals were included, 45 with dementia and 45 without dementia (26 cognitively normal and 19 cognitively impaired but non-demented). The informant interview at the BBBABSG had a sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 84.4% for the diagnosis of dementia, and a sensitivity of 65.3% and specificity of 93.7% for the diagnosis of normal cognition. Conclusions: The informant interview used at the BBBABSG has a high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of dementia as well as a high specificity for the diagnosis of normal cognition.


Os diagnósticos de cognição normal ou de demência dos casos do Banco de Encéfalos do Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral tem se baseado em entrevista realizada com informante. Objetivos: Verificar a sensibilidade e especificidade do diagnóstico postmortem baseado em entrevista com informante quando comparado com o diagnóstico estabelecido em clínica de memória. Métodos: Um estudo prospectivo foi conduzido no Banco de Encéfalos e no Centro de Referência em Distúrbios Cognitivos (CEREDIC), uma clínica especializada do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Indivíduos controle e cognitivamente comprometidos foram encaminhados pelo Hospital das Clínicas ao CEREDIC onde os indivíduos foram avaliados e os informantes entrevistados. O mesmo informante foi então entrevistado pela equipe do Banco de Encéfalos. Consenso em painel de especialistas, em cada centro, estabeleceu o diagnóstico final em cada caso, sem conhecimento do diagnóstico do outro centro. Os diagnósticos foram comparados, admitindo-se o diagnóstico estabelecido no CEREDIC como padrão-ouro. Sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculadas. Resultados: 90 indivíduos foram incluídos, 45 com demência e 45 não-dementes (26 cognitivamente normais e 19 com comprometimento cognitivo sem demência). A entrevista realizada no Banco de Encéfalos teve sensibilidade de 86,6% e especificidade de 84,4% para o diagnóstico de demência e sensibilidade de 65,3% e especificidade de 93,7% para o diagnóstico de cognição normal. Conclusões: A entrevista com informante realizada no Banco de Encéfalos do Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral tem altas sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de demência e alta especificidade para o diagnóstico de cognição normal.


Subject(s)
Aging , Brain , Dementia , Diagnosis , Tissue Banks
13.
J. bras. neurocir ; 21(3): 182-186, 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-579602

ABSTRACT

Aspergilose do sistema nervoso central (SNC) é uma doença rara. O uso de corticosteróides tem elevado o número de casos na atualidade. Trata-se de uma doença com uma elevada taxa de letalidade e deve ser tratada de forma agressiva.Métodos: A literatura foi revisada, sendo identificados 38 casos envolvendo aneurismas cerebrais causadas por Aspergillus.Conclusão: A infecção por Aspergillus é muito rara no mundo, mas sua frequência vem se elevando porque a falha de imunocompetência está crescendo. Não há uma apresentação específica desta doença, tornando o diagnóstico muito difícil.O prognóstico é ruim, portanto a doença deve ser tratada precocemente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aneurysm, Infected , Aspergillus fumigatus , Intracranial Aneurysm
14.
Pró-fono ; 21(3): 237-242, jul.-set. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-528513

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar a capacidade auditiva de crianças com encefalopatias crônicas não evolutivas (ECNE) independentemente de suspeita de perda auditiva e da etiologia e caracterizar o benefício do uso de prótese auditiva em crianças com ECNE que apresentaram perda auditiva. MÉTODO: avaliação neurológica, otorrinolaringológica e audiológica e aplicação do protocolo Parent's Evaluation of Aural / Oral Performance of Children (Peach). RESULTADOS: Das 46 crianças avaliadas, encontraram-se 22 (48 por cento) sem perdas e 24 (52 por cento) com algum grau de perda auditiva sensorioneural. Quanto às etiologias encontradas nas 46 crianças, a maior porcentagem é de encefalopatia hipóxica isquêmica seguida de processos infecciosos e kernicterus. Quanto à suspeita de perda auditiva, nas 16 (35 por cento) crianças cujos pais tiveram suspeita, o percentual de algum grau de perda auditiva foi de 56 por cento, e nas 30 (65 por cento) cujos pais não a tiveram, a avaliação audiológica revelou que 50 por cento apresentaram algum grau de perda auditiva. O protocolo Peach se mostrou um instrumento eficaz para avaliar o benefício da prótese auditiva. CONCLUSÃO: das crianças avaliadas, mais da metade apresentou perda auditiva, no entanto, não houve relação estatisticamente significante entre a etiologia e a suspeita de perda auditiva. Assim, consideramos que não é possível prever qualquer perda auditiva a partir da suspeita e recomendamos a avaliação auditiva em todas as crianças com ECNE, pois todas as crianças com perda auditiva examinadas neste estudo revelaram benefícios importantes com o uso da prótese auditiva.


AIM: to assess the auditory abilities of children with non-progressive chronic encephalopathy (NPCE), independently of the presence or not of hearing loss, and of the etiology of the encephalopathy; to characterize the benefit of hearing aids in children with NPCE and hearing loss. METHOD: neurologic, otorhinolaryngologic and auditory assessments. Application of the Parent's Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) protocol. RESULTS: out of the 46 assessed children, 22 (48 percent) presented no hearing loss and 24 (52 percent) presented some level of sensorineural hearing loss. Regarding the encephalopathy etiology, most of the participants presented ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy followed by infectious process and kernicterus. The results also indicate that 16 (35 percent) parents suspected that their child had hearing loss; out of this total, 56 percent had the hearing loss confirmed. Thirty parents (65 percent) did not have any hearing complaints about their children. For these children the auditory evaluation indicated that 50 percent presented some level of hearing loss. The PEACH protocol proved to be effective to assess the benefit of hearing aids. CONCLUSION: the results indicate that over half of participants presented hearing loss. No correlation was observed between etiology and complaints of hearing loss. This means that it is not possible to predict hearing loss based on complaints. All children who presented hearing loss benefited from the use of hearing aids.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Brain Damage, Chronic , Hearing Aids , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Brain Damage, Chronic/etiology , Brain Damage, Chronic/physiopathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/rehabilitation
16.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(1): 74-77, Mar. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-509111

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In the majority of cases, the correct treatment of brain lesions is possible only when the histopathological diagnosis is made. Several deep-seated lesions near eloquent areas are not safely approached by the classical neurosurgical procedures. These patients can get benefit by a minimally invasive procedure. METHOD: We present a series of 176 consecutive patients submitted to stereotactic biopsies due to a great variety of brain lesions. RESULTS: Histological diagnosis found in this series: glioma in 40.1 percent of the patients, other neoplasms in 12.2 percent and infectious or inflammatory diseases in 29.1 percent. The result was inconclusive in 5.2 percent of the procedures. One patient died (0.6 percent) and two (1.2 percent) presented operative complications. The criteria, advantages and risks of the stereotactic biopsies are discussed. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of the method is adequate and morbid-mortality rates were low.


OBJETIVO: O diagnóstico anatomopatológico das lesões encefálicas é muitas vezes necessário para a instituição do tratamento adequado. Entretanto, muitas lesões localizadas profundamente no encéfalo ou em centros nervosos de grande importância funcional não podem ser acessadas sem riscos, com a aplicação dos procedimentos neurocirúrgicos habituais. MÉTODO: Apresentamos uma série de 176 doentes submetidos a biópsias estereotáxicas de lesões encefálicas. RESULTADOS: Em 40,1 por cento dos casos, o diagnóstico foi de glioma, em 12,2 por cento de outras neoplasias e em 29,1 por cento, de doenças infecciosas ou inflamatórias. O resultado foi inconclusivo em 5,2 por cento dos doentes. Um (0,6 por cento) doente faleceu e dois (1,2 por cento) apresentaram graves complicações operatórias. Os critérios de seleção, as vantagens e os riscos da biópsia estereotáxica são discutidos. CONCLUSÃO: A eficácia do método é boa e a morbimortalidade das biópsias estereotáxicas é baixa.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Biopsy/methods , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain/pathology , Glioma/pathology , Stereotaxic Techniques , Biopsy/adverse effects , Biopsy/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Glioma/surgery , Stereotaxic Techniques/adverse effects , Stereotaxic Techniques/mortality , Young Adult
17.
Radiol. bras ; 41(6): 373-378, nov.-dez. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507117

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar os achados de ressonância magnética convencional, difusão e espectroscopia de prótons nos meduloblastomas, e compará-los aos dados da literatura. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectivade exames de ressonância magnética pré-operatórios de nove pacientes na faixa pediátrica com diagnóstico histológico de meduloblastoma (oito desmoplásicos e um de células gigantes). Foram considerados dados demográficos e características do tumor como localização, característica morfológica, intensidade de sinal, realce, disseminação e achados na difusão e espectroscopia. RESULTADOS: Na maioria dos casos os tumores apresentaram epicentro no vermis cerebelar (77,8%), sendo predominantemente sólido (88,9%), com hipossinal nas seqüências ponderadas em T1 e iso/hipersinal nas seqüências ponderadas em T2 e FLAIR, realce heterogêneo (100%), sinais de disseminação/extensão tumoral (77,8%) e restrição à movimentação das moléculas de água (100%). A espectroscopia de prótons pela técnica STEAM (n = 6) demonstrou redução da relação Naa/Cr (83,3%) e aumento de Co/Cr (100%) e mI/Cr (66,7%), e pela técnica PRESS (n = 7) evidenciou pico de lactato (57,1%). CONCLUSÃO: O conjunto dos achados macroscópicosobtidos pela ressonância magnética, somado às características bioquímicas dos meduloblastomas, têm sido úteis na tentativa de diferenciação entre os principais tumores da fossa posterior.


OBJECTIVE: To correlate imaging findings of medulloblastomas at conventional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, comparing them with data in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging studies of nine pediatric patients with histologically confirmed medulloblastomas (eight desmoplastic medulloblastoma, and one giant cell medulloblastoma) were retrospectively reviewed, considering demographics as well as tumorscharacteristics such as localization, morphology, signal intensity, contrast-enhancement, dissemination, anddiffusion-weighted imaging and spectroscopy findings. RESULTS: In most of cases the tumors were centeredin the cerebellar vermis (77.8%), predominantly solid (88.9%), hypointense on T1-weighted images andintermediate/hyperintense on T2-FLAIR-weighted images, with heterogeneous enhancement (100%), tumor dissemination/extension (77.8%) and limited water molecule mobility (100%). Proton spectroscopy acquiredwith STEAM technique (n = 6) demonstrated decreased Naa/Cr ratio (83.3%) and increased Co/Cr (100%)and mI/Cr (66.7%) ratios; and with PRESS technique (n = 7) demonstrated lactate peak (57.1%). CONCLUSION: Macroscopic magnetic resonance imaging findings in association with biochemical features of medulloblastomas have been useful in the differentiation among the most frequent posterior fossa tumors. Keywords: Medulloblastoma; Infratentorial neoplasms; Pediatric brain tumors; Magnetic resonance imaging;Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Brain Neoplasms , Cerebellar Neoplasms , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Medulloblastoma/diagnosis , Medulloblastoma/epidemiology , Infratentorial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brazil , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Spectrum Analysis , Statistics, Nonparametric
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(4a): 960-964, dez. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470122

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To review the clinical and neuropathological findings as well as the type of therapy and outcome in 20 infants under 3 years-old with central nervous system (CNS) tumor. They were treated at the Department of Neurology, "Hospital das Clínicas" University of São Paulo Medical School, from January 1997 to May 2001. RESULTS: Astrocytoma was the most common histological type (n=7), followed by ependymoma (n=3), medulloblastoma (n=2), craniopharyngioma (n=2) and desmoplastic ganglioglioma (n=2). The location of the tumor was predominantly supratentorial. Mean follow-up time was 20.2 months with recurrence in 7 cases. For each type of tumor we have emphasized the treatment currently recommended. CONCLUSION: Although follow-up time is not sufficient for analyzing survival, a trend of improvement in prognosis was noted, compared to another series of cases from our Institution that had been evaluated before 1990.


OBJETIVO E MÉTODO: Avaliar os aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos, o tipo de tratamento e a evolução de 20 crianças menores de três anos de idade, com o diagnóstico de tumor de sistema nervoso central, que foram tratadas em nossa Instituição no período de janeiro de 1997 a maio de 2001. RESULTADOS: O astrocitoma foi o tumor mais comum (n=7), seguido pelo ependimoma (n=3), meduloblastoma (n=2), craniofaringioma (n=2) e ganglioglioma desmoplásico infantil (n=2). A localização do tumor foi predominantemente supratentorial. A média de seguimento foi 20,2 meses e houve recidiva em sete casos. Para cada tipo de tumor enfatizamos o tipo de tratamento recomendado na atualidade. CONCLUSÃO: Embora o tempo de seguimento não seja suficiente, ainda, para analisar a sobrevida, foi notada nítida tendência a melhor prognóstico em comparação com a casuística proviniente de nossa Instituição que analisou casos abordados antes da década de 90.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Brain Neoplasms , Brain Neoplasms/complications , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(3a): 610-614, set. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-460796

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To present the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of 78 patients with meningiomas diagnosed in a single institution. METHOD: 78 patients with histological proven intracranial meningioma were studied. There were 52 female and 26 male patients (median=56 years). All MR imaging examinations were performed with 1.5-T MR imaging unit with standard protocol. The images were studied by two neuroradiologists, who reached the decisions regarding the findings by consensus. RESULTS: Most of the tumors showed low signal on T1- (60 percent) and high signl on T2- (68 percent) and FLAIR (69 percent) weighted images. Also, the lesions showed heterogeneous signal on T1 (60 percent), T2 (68 percent) and FLAIR (64 percent) sequences. After contrast administration, 83 percent (n=65) of the tumors presented acentuated and 17 percent (n=13) showed moderate enhancement. The tumors were located in the frontal lobe in 44 percent of the cases, in the parietal lobe in 35 percent, the occipital lobe in 19 percent and the temporal lobe in 12 percent of the patients. Areas of vasogenic edema around the tumors were seen in 90 percent of the cases. Twenty six per cent of the cases showed bone infiltration, and the dural tail sign was seen in 59 percent of the tumors. CONCLUSION: Intracranial meningiomas usually show heterogeneous low signal on T1- and high signal on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, with intense enhancement after contrast administration. The frontal and parietal lobes are commonly affected. In addition, brain edema, dural tail sign and bone infiltration are the most frequent associated findings.


OBJETIVO: Apresentar os achados de ressonância magnética (RM) de 78 pacientes com meningioma intracraniano diagnosticados numa única instituição. MÉTODO: 78 pacientes com diagnóstico histológico de meningioma intracraniano foram estudados. Cinqüenta e dois eram femininos e 26 masculinos (mediana=56 anos). Todos os exames de RM foram realizados num aparelho de 1.5 Tesla, com protocolo padrão. As imagens foram avaliadas por dois neurorradiologistas, os quais estabeleceram os achados por consenso. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos tumores apresentou baixo sinal em T1 (60 por cento) e alto sinal em T2 (68 por cento) e FLAIR (69 por cento). Além disso, as lesões demonstraram sinal heterogêneo em T1 (60 por cento), T2 (68 por cento) e FLAIR (64 por cento). Após a administração intravenosa de contraste, 83 por cento dos tumores apresentaram realce acentuado e 17 por cento moderado. Os tumores estavam localizados no lobo frontal em 44 por cento dos casos, no parietal em 35 por cento, no occipital em 19 por cento e no lobo temporal em 12 por cento dos casos. Areas de edema vasogênico foram observadas em 90 por cento dos pacientes. Vinte e seis por cento dos casos apresentaram sinais de infiltração óssea e o sinal da cauda dural foi visto em 59 por cento dos tumores. CONCLUSÃO: Meningiomas intracranianos em geral apresentam sinal heterogêneo, baixo em T1 e alto em T2 e FLAIR, com intenso realce pelo contraste. Os lobos frontais e parietais são com freqüência acometidos. Além disso, edema vasogênico, sinal da cauda dural e infiltração óssea são os achados associados mais comuns.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Meningioma/diagnosis , Brain Edema/pathology , Contrast Media , Frontal Lobe , Gadolinium DTPA , Image Enhancement/methods , Parietal Lobe , Retrospective Studies
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